Germany Journey — Housing

Apartment & Landlord German

Finding and renting an apartment in Germany involves contracts, deposits, utility bills, and formal letters. This guide covers everything from the first viewing to moving out — in German and in English.

🏠 The Big Surprise: German Apartments Come Without Kitchens

Many German apartments are rented "ohne Einbauküche" (without a fitted kitchen). The previous tenant takes their kitchen units and appliances with them. This is completely normal and legal in Germany. Always ask: "Ist eine Küche vorhanden?" (Is a kitchen present?) before signing.

Essential Rental Vocabulary

GermanArticleEnglishImportant detail
die Kaltmietediecold rent (excl. utilities)Base rent without additional costs
die Warmmietediewarm rent (incl. utilities)What you actually pay each month
die Nebenkostendie (pl.)additional costs / utilitiesHeat, water, maintenance, cleaning
die Kautiondiesecurity depositMax. 3 months Kaltmiete by law
der Mietvertragderrental contract / leaseAlways read before signing!
unbefristet / befristetadj.unlimited / fixed-termUnbefristet is better for tenants
die Kündigungsfristdienotice periodUsually 3 months for tenants
der VermieterderlandlordWho you rent from
der MieterdertenantYou (the renter)
die Hausverwaltungdieproperty managementContact for repairs and bills
die Besichtigungdieapartment viewingBefore you sign the contract
die Übergabediehandover (moving in/out)Keys exchanged, condition noted
das Übergabeprotokolldashandover document / checklistDocuments apartment condition
der Mangelderdefect / faultReport defects immediately in writing
der SchadenderdamageWater damage = Wasserschaden
die Nebenkostenabrechnungdieutilities settlement / billAnnual settlement — can mean refund OR extra payment
Wohngemeinschaft (WG)dieshared apartment / house shareVery common for students
die Wohnungsgeberbestätigungdielandlord confirmation letterRequired for Anmeldung (registration)

Key Phrases — Viewing an Apartment

Wann wäre eine Besichtigung möglich?
When would a viewing be possible?
Wie hoch ist die Kaltmiete?
How high is the cold rent?
Was sind die Nebenkosten?
What are the additional costs?
Ist eine Küche vorhanden?
Is there a kitchen?
Wann ist der früheste Einzugstermin?
When is the earliest possible move-in date?
Ist der Vertrag befristet oder unbefristet?
Is the contract fixed-term or unlimited?

Reporting a Defect (Mängelanzeige)

In Germany, you must report defects in writing. An email or letter is your legal protection. Here is a template:

Betreff: Mängelanzeige — Wohnung [Adresse]


Sehr geehrte/r Frau/Herr [Vermieter/Hausverwaltung],


hiermit möchte ich Sie auf folgende Mängel in meiner Wohnung hinweisen:


[Beschreibung des Mangels — z.B. "Im Badezimmer gibt es einen Wasserschaden an der Decke." / "Die Heizung im Schlafzimmer funktioniert nicht."]


Ich bitte Sie, sich um die Beseitigung des Mangels zu kümmern.


Mit freundlichen Grüßen,
[Ihr Name]

Dialogue — Asking About an Apartment

You
Guten Tag, ich rufe wegen der Wohnung in der Schillerstraße an.
Good day, I'm calling about the apartment on Schillerstraße.
Landlord
Ja, gerne. Was möchten Sie wissen?
Yes, of course. What would you like to know?
You
Wie hoch ist die Warmmiete, und was ist darin enthalten?
How high is the warm rent, and what is included in it?
Landlord
Die Warmmiete beträgt 850 Euro. Darin sind Heizung und Wasser enthalten.
The warm rent is 850 euros. Heating and water are included.
You
Und wie hoch ist die Kaution?
And how much is the security deposit?
Landlord
Zwei Monatsmieten Kaltmiete, also 1.200 Euro.
Two months cold rent, so 1,200 euros.
You
Wann wäre eine Besichtigung möglich?
When would a viewing be possible?
How much can a landlord charge as Kaution (deposit)?
By law (§551 BGB), the maximum security deposit is 3 months of cold rent (Kaltmiete). Landlords who demand more are violating the law. You can pay the deposit in 3 monthly instalments if needed. After moving out, the landlord has up to 6 months to return the deposit (minus documented costs).
What is the Nebenkostenabrechnung?
Once a year, the landlord calculates the actual utility costs (heating, water, building maintenance) against what you paid monthly as "Vorauszahlung" (advance payment). If you paid too much, you get a refund (Nachzahlung). If the actual costs were higher, you pay extra. You have 12 months to dispute the bill.
What is the Wohnungsgeberbestätigung?
This is a mandatory document from your landlord confirming you live at that address. You need it for Anmeldung (registration). Your landlord is legally required to provide it within 2 weeks of you moving in. Without it, you cannot register your address.
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